Mixing cement for use around the home is not necessarily a rocket science, but it should be approached carefully and systematically. While it might seem simple enough to combine water with sand, gravel, and cement - if your final mixture is off by even a little in the proportions, you can completely ruin your project. In addition, safety is just as important when mixing cement as when using power tools. For instance, if your skin is exposed to fresh concrete for an extended time it can burn. Always remember to be safe when working with cement by wearing rubber boots, gloves, goggles, and a shirt with long sleeves.
Many projects around the house require cement; building a patio, filling decking and fencing post holes, or fixing a sidewalk or a crack in the foundation of your house. There are also many trendy projects that you might like to try, like creating a birdbath or planter, pouring a new kitchen countertop or even a floor. Understanding how to work with and mix cement can be handy knowledge for all homeowners!
While there are pre-mixed formulas of cement in which all you need to do is add water and stir, it is helpful to understand how to make your own cement from separate ingredients so that you can understand and appreciate the need for proper measurements and proportions. Your quantity of cement might vary, but the recipe is always three parts gravel, two parts sand, and one part cement. When you do not need gravel in the mixture, adjust the ratio to one part cement and three parts sand. If you choose to use pre-mixed cement you should read the label on the package to make sure you are still mixing the ingredients in the correct proportions. Typically, the formula is one part pre-mixed cement powder, 1 part sand, and 1 part crushed gravel. In either case, water is the one ingredient that is never clear-cut, so even if the bag of ready-cement specifies an amount, add slowly and carefully.
Mixing cement in small batches can be accomplished with only a bucket or a wheelbarrow and a spade or shovel. Keep in mind that mixing cement is a physical job and your muscles should be ready for quite a workout. Normally a small spade is easier to work with than a shovel. Larger batches should be mixed in a portable cement mixer that is powered either electrically or mechanically. Both types of mixers are usually available at do-it-yourself home centers or hardware stores.
Begin by mixing your dry ingredients. The sand, cement, and gravel need to be combined very thoroughly. If there are any other dry specialty ingredients that need to be added, do so now. Next, add water to the mixture in small amounts. Although it might be tempting to pour in a bunch of water and start to stir, it works best when you add the water slowly and mix it well in between each addition. You are looking for a medium consistency that is neither too wet nor too dry. While you do not have to rush to blend the mixture, it will eventually dry out, so work as quickly as you can while taking enough time to do the job properly.
When you think you have the proper consistency test it by scooping out a bit of cement and placing it on a piece of wood or other flat surface. Make a few ridges in the cement and see how they look. Ragged ridges mean the mixture is dry, while ridges that fill back in means the mixture is too wet. Adjust your cement mixture accordingly by adding a bit more water or a bit more cement until you achieve the perfect balance. With some practice, your cement mixing talents will be perfected and will ensure the best project outcome. Remember that mixing the cement properly in the first place is the only way to create a successful DIY project.